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L$ÃR> NyS>®fu DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD qX$k¡çbf - 2019
(S>Nsdp„ S>¥_p¡ L¡$d S>gv$u kd©Ù \pe R>¡?)
(S>Nsdp„ S>¥_p¡ L¡$d S>gv$u kd©Ù \pe R>¡?) DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD Opk_p„ s©Zp¡_¡ `Z Æh R>¡ s¡d dp_sp. `nuâ¡du
(S>Nsdp„ S>¥_p¡ L¡$d S>gv$u kd©Ù \pe R>¡?)
(S>Nsdp„ S>¥_p¡ L¡$d S>gv$u kd©Ù \pe R>¡?)
(S>Nsdp„ S>¥_p¡ L¡$d S>gv$u kd©Ù \pe R>¡?)
(S>¥_ ^d£ S> S>Ns_¡ Atlkp_p¡ qv$ìesd rkÙp„s lsp.
Apàep¡ R>¡. buÅ L$p¡CA¡ ^d£ Atlkp_y„ ApV$gu lv$¡ S>¥_p¡_y„ A\®ip÷ s¡d_p k|Ó dyS>b S> S>¥_p¡dp„ Q¡qfV$u_u cph_p
blºd|ëe L$ey¯ _\u. d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¥_ ^d® A¡L$ rhð - L$p„rs cË$ R>¡, rkL$õ\ k¡Þk R>¡, s¡\u ^„^pdp„ A_¡ i¡fbÅfdp„
- L$p„rs cË$
- L$p„rs cË$
- L$p„rs cË$
- L$p„rs cË$
^d® b_hp¡ Å¡CA¡.) - S>[õV$k fp„NZ¡L$f L$dpe R>¡ A_¡ `k®_g ap¡k® R>¡. R>Ì$u C[ÞÖe Ðepf¡ S>
l¡_°u hp¡X®$ buQf¡ 1887dp„ L$l¡gy„ L¡$ _p¡ d¡V$k® lº DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ÅN°s \pe Å¡ sd¡ s`, r_ed, k„ed A_¡
fyëk ^ dQ®ÞV¹$k fyëk A\p®s¹ Ap S>Ns D`f L$p¡Z kp¥\u h^y kdÄep lp¡e sp¡ S>¥_p¡ kdÄep R>¡ s¡ `R>u Mp_`p_dp„ M|b S> QuhV$ fpMp¡. S>¥_p¡ L„$v$d|m Mpsp
fpS> L$f¡ R>¡? S>¡ L$p¡C fpS> L$fsy„ lp¡e `Z Mf¡Mf sp¡ `V¡$gp¡ kdÄep. O„V$pL$Z®_p v$i®_¡ Nep¡ Ðepf¡ ÅZhp _\u, `|Z® ipL$plpfu R>¡. v$p_huf R>¡ A_¡ s`õhu R>¡.
âdprZL$ h¡`pfu S> fpS> L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ `R>u Ap`Zp dþey„ L¡$ b¡ `V¡$gp¡ S>¥_ ^d® A„NuL$pf L$fu_¡ `R>u M|b sdpd S>¥_ sl¡hpfp¡dp„ D`hpk A¡L$ dp¡Vy„$ `k®_g ap¡k®
S>Nrh¿eps A\®ip÷u A_¡ c|s`|h® hX$pâ^p_ X$p¡. S> `|S>_ue b_u Nep lsp. spÐ`e® L¡$ S>¥_ ^d} _ h^ph_pfy„ A_¡ R>Ì$u C[ÞÖe ÅN©s L$f_pfy„ sÒh R>¡
d_dp¡l_tkO kp\¡ 50 hj® kss k„`L®$ fpMsp lp¡e `Z S>¥_ S>¡hp râ[Þk`ëk `pm_pfp `V¡$gp¡ s¡\u A_¡ Ap D`hpk_¡ dlpÐdp Np„^uÆA¡ "i÷' sfuL¡$
Ad¡qfL$p hksp S>Nv$ui cNhsuA¡ Dd¡fhp Qpü„y S> v$¡i `fv$¡idp„ S>¥_p¡_u bfpbfudp„ ^r_L$ R>¡ A_¡ A_¡ S>¥_p¡_u Atlkp_¡ rkÙp„s sfuL¡$ A`_ph¡g.
li¡ L¡$ cpfsdp„ L$p¡Z fpS> L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ cNhp_ ÅZ¡ lufp DÛp¡Ndp„ s¡\u S> apìep R>¡. D`fp„s Äepf¡ S>¥_p¡_u qkL$õ\ k¡Þk_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> s¡ i¡fbÅfdp„
`Z cpfs D`f S>¥_p¡ fpS> L$f¡ R>¡! ApS>¡ S>Ns_p cpfsdp„ Ágp¡bgpCT¡i_ _lp¡sy„ Apìey„. Ðepf¡ S>¥_p¡A¡ kp¥\u dp¡Mf¡ lp¡e R>¡. S>¥_p¡_¡ õ`¡¼eyg¡i_dp„ Ap_„v$
45 v$¡ip¡dp„ Äep„ Äep„ S>¥_p¡ Nep Ðep„ Ðep„ h¡`pf- Ágp¡bgpCT¡i_ A`_phu gu^¡gy„. hky^¥h Ly$Vy„$bL$d_p¡ Aph¡ R>¡, Nydph¡ Ðepf¡ îÙp lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ s¡ `pRy>„ d¡mhi¡
^„^pdp„ s¡d_p¡ âcph R>¡. lufp DÛp¡Ndp„ Mpk rkÙp„s kp¥\u h^y S>¥_p¡A¡ `pm¡gp¡. Ap`Zp âp¡a¡kf S>.
L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ L¡$ "S>¥_ A\®ip÷' D`f gMp¡. S>¥_ S>Nv$ui _V$hfgpg cNhsu S>¡ dy„bC_u Ap`Z¡ Al] afu\u dlp_ A\®ip÷u dpi®g¡
A\®ip÷? gp¡X®$ d¡e_pX®$ L¡$CÞk L¡$ X$p¸. Apëa¡X$ rkX$_lpddp„ cZu_¡ `R>u Ad¡qfL$p_u dpkpiyk¡V¹$k 1890dp„ 121 hj® `l¡gp„ `yõsL$ gM¡gy„ s¡
dpi®g_p A\®ip÷\u AgN A¡hy„ iy„ S>¥_p¡_y„ hmu L$p¡C C[ÞõV$. Ap¡a V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Ædp„ `uA¡QX$u \ep R>¡. s¡dZ¡ "râ[Þk`ëk Ap¡a CL$p¡_p¡rd¼k'_¡ epv$ L$fuA¡. s¡dp„
rhriô$ A\®ip÷ R>¡? hX$p¡v$fp_u L$p¡dk® L$p¡g¡S>dp„ kp¥â\d Ágp¡bgpCT¡i__p¡ rhQpf Ap`¡gp¡. s¡Ap¡ S>¡ S>¡ A\®ip÷_p rkÙp„sp¡ R>¡ s¡ r_fy`¡gp R>¡. `Z
1950dp„ A\®ip÷ A¡ L$qW$_dp„ L$qW$_ rhje lsp¡. S>¥_ lp¡e L¡$ _ lp¡e `Z Apr\®L$ rkÙp„s_u ×rô$A¡ dpÓ v$p__y„ S>¡ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ sÒh A\®ip÷dp„ lp¡hy„
s¡_¡ âp¡. A¡d. A¡d. Qp¡¼ku (S>¥_) A_¡ buÅ S>¥_ S>¥_ R>¡. `Z S>¥_ A\®ip÷ L$C ×rô$A¡ A_p¡My„ R>¡? Å¡CA¡ s¡_¡ Apëa¡X$ dpi®g Q|L$u Nep R>¡. A¡V$gy„ Mfy„
âp¡a¡kfp¡ lmhp¡ b_phu v$¡sp. `Z Ðepf¡ Ad_¡ dp¡X¡$ dp¡X¡$ S>¥_p¡_„y A\®ip÷ rbg N¡V¹$k A_¡ L¡$ s¡d_p `R>u gp¡X®$ d¡`epX®$ L¡$CÞk¡ qX$dpÞX$ A¡ÞX$
"S>¥_p¡_y„ CL$p¡_p¡rd¼k' A¡hp¡ iåv$ kp„cmhp dþep¡ S>Nrh¿eps CÞh¡õV$f hp¡f_ ba¡V¡$ (S>¡ cpfs Aphu kàgpe s¡d S> L$ÞÈeydf CT qL„$N_u r\efu d|L¡$gu s¡
_lp¡sp¡. `f„sy A\®ip÷_u L¡$ rbT_¡k_u L¡$V$guL$ Q|¼ep R>¡) A`_pìey„ R>¡ s¡ S>¥_p¡_y„ A\®ip÷ R>¡ Q¡qfV$u, âdpZ¡ L$dpAp¡ A_¡ hp`fp¡ A¡ `Z A¡L$ Ås_„y v$p_
L$l¡hsp¡ ÅZhp dm¡gu. A„N°¡Å¡_u L$l¡hs lsu L¡$ v$p__u cph_p. `p¡s¡ hp`f¡ s¡ L$fsp„ h^y buÅ_¡ R>¡. S>¡ fp¡S>Npfu `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡. AÃR>p sp¡ L¡$CÞk_y„
"gpCV$ N¡CÞk d¡CL$ l¡hu `k}k'. A\p®s¹ sd¡ Ap¡Ry>„ Ap`hp_u cph_p. Ap S>¥_p¡_y„ `fd `rhÓ A\®ip÷ A\®ip÷ Ýep_\u hp„Qp¡. sd¡ S>¥_ lp¡ sp¡ `|fu
dprS>®_ fpMu_¡ QuÅ¡ h¡Qp¡ sp¡ sdpfu ^__u L$p¡\mu R>¡. Q¡qfV$u Q¡qfV$u A_¡ Q¡qfV$u. Ap`sp¡ fl¡, Ap`sp¡ A¡L$pN°sp\u hp„Qp¡.
h^y cpf¡ \pe R>¡. fl¡ A_¡ Ap`sp¡ fl¡. bdÏ„ \C_¡ Aphi¡ S>. Ad¡ "CL$p¡_p¡rd¼k CT A¡ õV$X$u Ap¡a d¡_ A¡T ^
Ap r_ed sdpd S>¥_-h¡`pfu_¡ gpNy `X¡$ R>¡. NpdX$pdp„ 1936dp„ chpC Å¡sp A¡ hMs¡ chpep guh A¡ÞX$ d|h A¡ÞX$ t\L$ C_ ^ Ap¡qX®$_fu rbT_¡k
"Ap¡R>p _a¡ blp¡mp¡ h¡`pf' A¡ S>¥_p¡_u r\efu R>¡. bp¡gu EW$sp. Ap¡a gpCa.' ApV$gy„ A„N°¡Æ gMu_¡ bpL$u_y„ lº„ s¡d_p
OZp `|R>¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¥_p¡ S> L¡$d lufp_p h¡`pfdp„ R>¡? `l¡gp„ `l¡gp„ d¡mh¡, `R>u v$ue¡ v$p_, rkÙp„s_p¡ A_yhpv$ Ap`y„ Ry>„. hp„Qp¡ : A\®ip÷ A¡ iy„
elŸv$uAp¡ S> L¡$d R>¡? A_¡ `R>u `V¡$gp¡ L$C fus¡ A¡L$p¡s¡f `¡Y$u Ap¡^f¡, L$piuA¡ Nep_p L$ëepZ. R>¡? A\®ip÷ A¡ dp_h_p k„`|Z® Æh__p¡ Aæepk
lufp_p h¡`pfdp„ Apìep? dpfu `pk¡ A\®ip÷ chpep_p Ap Dv¹$Op¡jdp„ dlÒh_u ÓZ `„[¼s R>¡. dp_hu Ap vy$r_epdp„ L¡$d fl¡ R>¡, s¡ L¡$d hs£ R>¡,
kdÅhhpdp„ Aphsy„ "^ hëX®$ CT A¡V$ hL®$'- lp R>¡ L¡$ M|b L$fL$kf L$fu Ap¡Ry>„ dprS>®_ fpMu_¡ L$C fus¡ rhQpf¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ fus¡ s¡_y„ Æh_ rhsph¡ R>¡
S>Ns L$pdYy„$ R>¡ A_¡ L$pdY$p¡ S> L$dpe R>¡. S>¥_p¡ ^r_L$ âdprZL$sp\u h¡`pf L$fp¡. bQs L$fp¡ A_¡ bQs s¡_p¡ Aæepk A¡V$g¡ S> A\®ip÷. `Z hps Al]
Ofdp„ c„X$pfu _ fpMp¡. hp`fp¡, v$p_ L$fp¡, d„qv$fp¡
R>¡ L$pfZL¡$ L$pdY$p R>¡. lÆ 8-9 hj®_p¡ \pe Ðep„ b„^php¡, d„qv$fp¡ b„^phu_¡ L$qX$ep, Ly„$cpf, rd÷u, AV$L$su _\u.. S>¡ L$p¡C dp_hu S>¡_pdp„ L„$CL$ kÒh R>¡
i¡fudp„ fdhp L$fsp„ bp`p_u vy$L$p_dp„ S>¥_ v$uL$fp¡ h^y dS|>fp¡_¡ fp¡S>Npfu Ap`p¡. sd¡ v$p_ L$fip¡ s¡\u s¡_y„ s¡ s¡_p rbT_¡kdp„ s¡_p¡ \p¡X$p¡ Ddv$p¡ õhcph `Z
b¡k¡ R>¡. S>¥_p¡ X$ped„X$dp„ L¡$d R>¡. s¡ dpV¡$ dpf¡ L$p¡g¡S>_p `yÎe A¡L$p¡s¡f `¡Y$u ky^u Qpgi¡. gC Åe R>¡. Ap rbT_¡kd¡__p r_Z®ep¡ D`f s¡_u
kdedp„ S>¡_y„ _pd ÅZ¡gy„ s¡ âp¡. L$pg® d¡_¡S>f S>¡ hp¡ëV$ ìluV$d¡_ _pd_p L$rh S>¡dZ¡ "guìT Ap¡a A„Ns dpÞespAp¡, A„Ns k„õL$pfp¡, afS>_y„ h„i
Ap¡[õV²$e_ CL$p¡_p¡rdõV$ lsp s¡_p `yõsL$ râ[Þk`ëk N°pk' _pd_y„ rh¿eps L$pìe A_¡ kprlÐe_y„ `yõsL$ `f„`fpNs cp_ A_¡ DÃQ Apv$ip£ âÐe¡_y„ dp_
Ap¡a CL$p¡_p¡rd¼k_¡ epv$ L$fhy„ `X¡$. A\®ip÷dp„ âNV$ L$f¡gy„ s¡ v$¡Mph¡ F>rj S>¡hp lsp. s¡dZ¡ Ap L$pìe Akf L$f¡ R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ S> S>¥_p¡ h¡`pf-^„^pdp„
Akgpdsu A_¡ Å¡Md A¡ dlÒh_u QuÅ¡ R>¡. Mpk k„N°ldp„ kp¢N Ap¡a â|X$Þk (X$lp`Z_y„ L$pìe) gM¡gy„. ApNm R>¡. Å¡L¡$ s¡Ap¡ dpÓ h¡`pfdp„ S> ApNm R>¡ s¡hy„
L$fu_¡ S>¡ QuS>_u dprS>®_g eyV$urgV$u lp¡e A¡V$g¡ L¡$ s¡dZ¡ L$l¡gy„ "Q¡qfV$u CT A¡ N°¡V$ ap¡k®. CV$ NuìT A¡ _\u, L$gpdp„, kpdprS>L$ k¡hpdp„, kprlÐe A_¡
Apbê$_¡ gNsu L¡$ õV¡$V$k_¡ gNsu D`ep¡rNsp lp¡e s¡ d¡_ luT qfL$õ\ k¡Þk... Q¡qfV$u A¡ÞX$ `k®_g ap¡k® rinZ, sbubu rhÛp, Ål¡f L$pdp¡dp„ s¡d_y„ âv$p_
qL„$dsu b_¡ R>¡. `pZu sp¡ blº S> D`ep¡Nu A_¡ Apf Ap¡Þgu CÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$ h\® A¡_u\]N..' ÅZ¡ L$rh _p¢^`pÓ R>¡. s¡Ap¡_p _pd NZphhp b¡kuA¡ sp¡ A„s
Ar_hpe® R>¡ `Z s¡_u L$p¡C qL„$ds _\u! `Z lufp? ìluV$d¡_ S>¥_p¡_p QpqfÓ_¡ ÅZu Nep lp¡e s¡d Ap S> _p Aph¡, A¡V$g¡ A¡ bv$g hpQL$p¡ dpa L$f¡.
â¡jL$ : Qd_gpg _pfZÆ ipl, Q¡ßpC
â¡jL$ : Qd_gpg _pfZÆ ipl, Q¡ßpC
â¡jL$ : Qd_gpg _pfZÆ ipl, Q¡ßpC
âp¡. d¡_¡S>f L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡_u dprS>®_g eyqV$rgV$u R>¡. A_¡ k|Ó gM¡gy„. s¡Ap¡ `p¡s¡ `Z ÅZ¡ AÅZsp S> S>¥_ â¡jL$ : Qd_gpg _pfZÆ ipl, Q¡ßpC
â¡jL$ : Qd_gpg _pfZÆ ipl, Q¡ßpC
s¡_u Ap¡R>u D`gå^sp \L$u s¡_„y d|ëe R>¡. Ap hps ("cpõL$f'dp„\u kpcpf) D
lsp. Ly$v$fsdp„ v$¥hu sÒhp¡ R>¡ s¡hy„ dp_sp. h©np¡_¡ A_¡

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